Level 1 vs Level 2 EV Charging: Why Businesses Should Skip Level 1

The electric vehicle revolution is accelerating. As more consumers and fleets adopt EVs, businesses face a critical decision: what type of charging infrastructure should they provide? The choice often comes down to Level 1 vs Level 2 charging. While Level 1 might seem like a simple, low-cost entry point, it’s fundamentally unsuitable for most business applications. Here’s why businesses should focus exclusively on Level 2.

Charging Basics: Level 1 vs Level 2 at a Glance

Understanding Level 1 Charging: The Slow Lane

Level 1 charging uses a standard 120-volt household outlet. It requires no specialized equipment beyond the basic cordset typically supplied with an EV.

Key Characteristics:

• Voltage: 120V AC (North America standard)
• Power Delivery: 1.3 kW to 1.9 kW
• Charging Speed: 2–5 miles of range per hour
• Installation: Plugs into existing outlets

Level 1 is designed for overnight home charging when the vehicle sits unused for 12+ hours. It’s a fallback option, not a primary solution. That’s why Level 1 vs Level 2 charging is a critical comparison for business use cases.

Understanding Level 2 Charging: The Business Standard

Level 2 charging operates on 230V or 400V AC circuits and utilizes commercial-grade charging units designed for reliable performance in business environments. These chargers are available with both wall-mounted and upright column installation options to suit various site requirements.

Key Characteristics:

• Voltage: AC 230V or AC 400V (European Standard)
• Power Delivery: 7 kW to 22 kW
• Charging Speed: Adds approximately 25 to 75 miles of range per hour depending on the model
• Installation: Wall-mounted or upright column, with optional smart connectivity (WiFi, 4G, Ethernet)

L2 is the established standard for public, workplace, fleet, and multi-unit dwelling charging. It ensures reliable performance and real-time control, reinforcing the case for Level 2 in the Level 1 vs Level 2 EV charging comparison.

Why Level 1 Fails for Businesses: 6 Critical Flaws

While plugging into an outlet seems easy, Level 1 charging presents significant drawbacks:

Level 1 Limitations Snapshot

• Too slow for employees, customers, or fleets
• Blocks spaces for minimal charge gain
• Safety risks from overloaded circuits
• Frustrates users with poor experience
• Not future-proof for larger EV batteries

1. Insufficient Charging Speed:

• Employees: An 8-hour shift adds just 16–40 miles (insufficient for most commutes).
• Customers: 1–2 hours of shopping adds only 2–10 miles (negligible value).
• Fleets: Entirely impractical for quick vehicle turnaround.

2. Poor Space Utilization:

• EVs occupy spots for hours to gain minimal range.
• Example: A single L2 charger can serve 3–4x more EVs daily than L1.

3. Hidden Costs Outweigh Savings:

4. Safety Concerns:

• Standard outlets aren’t designed for continuous 8–12 hour loads.
• Risks: Overheated wiring, tripped breakers, fire hazards.

5. Negative User Experience:

• Employees/customers expect useful charge—not 15 miles after 8 hours.
• L1 actively damages perception of your charging program.

6. Not Future-Proof:

• Struggles with modern large batteries (e.g., 100kWh pack takes 4+ days on L1).

The Business Case for Level 2 Charging

Skipping Level 1 means investing in the right solution:

Why Level 2 Wins for Business

• Effectiveness: Provides meaningful charge during dwell times (up to 75 miles/hour at 22kW)
• Efficiency: Multiple power tiers (7kW/11kW/22kW) for different operational needs
• Safety: IP54-certified hardware with protection against overcurrent, surge, overheating, and ground faults
• Strong ROI: Enhances brand perception, customer loyalty, and employee satisfaction
• Scalability: OCPP 1.6J compatibility supports smart energy management and future upgrades

Key Advantages:

ROI Drivers:

• Suitable for office parks, retail centers, and fleet depots
• Designed for Type 2 EVs with flexible access via RFID or app

Long-Term Value:

• Full compliance with AC EV charging standards
• Integrates into smart charging networks for long-term growth

Conclusion: Level 2 is the Minimum Viable Business Solution

When comparing Level 1 vs Level 2 charging, the winner is clear. Level 1 charging belongs at home, as an emergency backup. For any business serious about supporting EVs—whether for employees, customers, or fleets—Level 2 is the essential starting point. The minimal upfront savings of Level 1 are quickly erased by its inability to provide useful charge, safety risks, and user frustration.

While Level 2 chargers are ideal for most commercial deployments, businesses operating in high-turnover environments—such as fleet depots or transit hubs—may need to evaluate the differences between Level 2 and Level 3 EV charging options to ensure service efficiency.